High School Girls Essay

1. In my High School, the experience was somewhat different. In the article it says that the boys stared at the girls passing and rated the different parts of their body from one to ten. In my high school days, the boys striped us with their eyes and we felt that they can see inside our clothes. They also made lewd comments. 2. We felt harassed and humiliated and degraded as Rachel and her friends felt. It used to make me very angry but my friends never let me retort as these boys were ‘bad boys’. We were frightened of them. 3. We were taught in home as well in school to keep away from these kinds of boys. As a result the girls rarely talked about the issue. Even if we spoke about it, we never thought of taking actions against the boys who harassed us. 4. Individually sometimes one girl would retort for misbehaving with her. One of the girls in our class once turned back and told the boy who was teasing her to stop it or else she will the principal. 5. Rachel and the other girls taught those boys a lesson. The girls in my school never thought of taking action against the boys. It was very difficult to convince the girls to take action in a group. The common advice was to ignore them. 6. The boys who teased us were the lot who did not study in school. They had all kind of bad habits like smoking, taking alcohol and drugs and they were of rich families. They were notorious. The girls in my school were too scared of these boys to take any sort of action against them. 7. The teachers in my school did not approve of this kind of behavior. There were some strict teachers in our school, those boys stood clear of their path. If any teacher saw them behaving in this manner, they would complain to the principal, who would punish them heavily. 8. The other boys in the school did not confront them as this would lead to fighting and abusing. They did not tell their peers as they did not want to get involved. 9. I think that school teachers and administrators can stop this kind of thing from happening in school in two ways. First, they can make the girls aware of eve-teasing and the result of keeping silent. They should be made aware of the fact that keeping silent is not the solution. It only increases and do not end it. Second, the school authorities should warn those boys that they will be heavily punished and even rusticated if they continue such behavior. Summary: In the article, the boys of high school during lunch time harass the girls but staring and rating different parts of their boy from one to ten. One girl among them, whose name was Rachel also faces similar situation in spite of friendly with them. She feels very humiliate and degraded by the action. She along with other girls plans and teaches them a lesson. They sit in the same bench, rate them and grab them as they used to do. After the episode, those boys stop harassing them.

Computerized Library System Essay

Introduction A library is a place in which literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference or lending. A collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged; a room of private home for such collection. At first glance, your library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you, and back in when you return them. Your librarian insures (of tries to, as money permits) your library is well stocked with current titles. These current titles include, in addition to  books, videos, tapes and CDs, magazines, encyclopedia, genealogical research stuff and more. The librarian also has to keep the building neat and in good repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Early modern libraries – Johannes Gutenberg’s movable type innovation in the 15th century revolutionized bookmaking. From the 15th century in central and northern Italy, the assiduously assembled libraries of humanists and their enlightened patrons provided a nucleus around which an â€Å"academy† of scholars congregated in each Italian city of consequence. Cosimo de Medici in Florence established his own collection, which formed the basis of the Laurentian Library. [20] In Rome, the papal collections were brought together by Pope Nicholas V, in separate Greek and Latin libraries, and housed by Pope Sixtus IV, who consigned the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana to the care of his librarian, the humanist Bartolomeo Platina in February 1475. [21] In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante’s Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. Background of the Study Objectives of the Study: The purpose of this study is to expand the knowledge about the library system. We developed a new library system for easier transactions of the library and a hassle-free job. General Objective – This study aims to design and develop library system for faster processing and hassle-free for borrowing of books of the students. Specific Objectives – In order to meet the requirements of the general objective, the following specific objectives were formulated: 1. To define possible problems in a library. 2. To analyze how the traditional library system works. 3. To prove that the proposed system is technically and operationally feasible for implementation. Statement of the Problems 1. When most users do not return books at the exact deadline. 2. When most people make noise in the library. 3. Not following a rule that one shouldn’t bring food or drinks. 4. When some of the books cannot be easily found due to unorganized compilation of it. 5. Sometimes it’s hard for the librarian to use the traditional library system so we must prefer a new system for the library. Scope and Limitation Scope – The primary objective is to develop a computerized library system that can help others in listing and manipulating the transaction throughout the borrowing and returning process of the book. The proposed system will provide an innovation for the current traditional system that others use. Limitation – Although this research was carefully prepared, I am still aware of its limitations and shortcomings. First, because of the limit, this research was only conducted only a small size of population like the also students in the entire campus. Therefore, to generalize the results for larger groups, the study should have involved more participants at different levels. Second, the population of the experimental group is small, only thirty-five students and might not represent the majority of the students of the intermediate level. Third, since the questionnaire designed to measure the students’ attitude towards the use of communication strategies might give useful information about the impacts of communicative strategies; it seems not to provide enough evidence of the students’ actual behaving to communication skills in their speaking performance. Significance of the Study The study is aimed at enhancing the existing manual processing system that will make operations more organized, efficient and convenient to use. It is also used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. A library system is usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most library systems separate software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface. Definition of Terms Database – An organized body of related information Library – A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection itself, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term â€Å"library† has itself acquired a secondary meaning: â€Å"a collection of useful material for common use. † This sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. It can also be used by publishers in naming series of related books, e. g. The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology. Libraries most often provide a place of silence for studying. Librarian – A librarian a professional library worker. In most cases, a librarian holds at least a Master’s degree in Library Science from an ALA-accredited library school. He or she may have additional degrees. System – A system is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a common purpose. The word sometimes describes the organization or plan itself (and is similar in meaning to method, as in â€Å"I have my own little system†) and sometimes describes the parts in the system (as in â€Å"computer system†). Data Flow Diagram – A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the â€Å"flow† of data through an information system. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design). Flowchart – A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. This diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Process operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow of control. Data flows are not typically represented in a flowchart, in contrast with data flow diagrams; rather, they are implied by the sequencing of operations. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Local Studies The Silliman University Main Library System began its services with only two bookcases and one small room in Silliman Hall. From this humble beginning, the library collection grew steadily. Today, with its present magnificent edifice, some observers have been heard to remark that it could well be among the best in Southeast Asia. The library aims to equip itself with updated materials, facilities, and equipment in support of the University’s quest for excellence in all its academic programs. The Library now holds more than 100,000 volumes of books on various subjects. It subscribes to local and foreign serials and maintains special pamphlet collections, namely, Filipiniana, Southeast Asia, and United Nations. It also has a Sillimaniana collection which is housed in an air-conditioned room located at the southern portion of the first floor of the library building. Materials in the collection include the Weekly Sillimanian, Sillimanian Magazine, Portal, Faculty and Staff publications, and others. Various plaques and trophies awarded to the University, as well as, portraits of present and past presidents of Silliman University are also on display. In terms of facilities, the Library provides individual study carrels for its users. In addition, there are also faculty study rooms for the use of faculty/staff members who are undertaking research work for the University, or writing their theses or dissertations. These faculty rooms are available upon application at the University Librarian’s Office. For group discussions, there are two discussion rooms available at the second floor of the library building, on a first come, first served basis. Foreign Studies It’s Time for a National Digital-Library System By David H. Rothman William F. Buckley Jr. , once denounced the growing popularity of CD-ROM’s in student research. Shouldn’t young people learn from real books? Tom Peters, a veteran public-library advocate, is coordinator of LibraryCity. org, a new online ad hoc group that will seek to deal with these matters, especially whether the national digital library should be mainly for the intellectual elite or also serve the rest of society in many directly practical ways. Peters is a former director of the Center for Library Initiatives of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation, a consortium of the Big Ten universities plus the University of Chicago. I am co-founder of LibraryCity, and like Peters, I hope that Darnton and others will agree with the idea of a genuine public library rich in content and services for the nonelite as well as the elite. Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society is sponsoring the March workshop to kick off its research and planning initiative for a â€Å"Digital Public Library of America. † With funds from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the project will bring together a diverse group of stakeholders to define the scope, architecture, costs, and administration of such a library. LibraryCity’s intent is to augment the Harvard effort, rather than replace it, by offering a grass-roots perspective in depth. Chapter III Methodology and System Software Design Nowadays, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. The librarian has to keep the room neat so that it is conducive for learning. The librarian is also the person who is liable for monitoring all the books that are borrowed and returned by the borrowers. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the computerized library system in order to support the continuous learning in various pedagogical settings. To achieve this primary goal, the study should consider the three objectives. First is to compare the existing library system from the traditional system and identify the pros and cons in both public and private learning institutions. Second is to compare and contrast the various schools or universities that successfully managed the computerized approach as new library system. Third is to identify the weaknesses and potential threats to make a recommendation on how to strengthen the computerized library system. Respondents of the Study We have asked 25 people randomly and mostly they are students and teachers. Since data for this study will be collected by mail or by giving them a questionnaire, the respondents have the convenience of answering the survey in their own home or wherever is comfortable with them. Data Gathering Technique The proponent gathered support documents and point of views of the target users and beneficiaries of the proposed system at the Customs office. The information gathered were compiled and processed for use in the development of the proposed system. The different ways of gathering information and ideas used in this study were: Interview – This technique, wherein the proponent discusses and poses question to the respondent, was used to gather data and information for the study. Refer to Appendix – B for the contents of the interviews conducted. Questionnaire – This data gathering instrument contains a series of formulated questions submitted to a number of people in order to obtain information on a particular subject matter. The proponent prepared printed paper questionnaires and distributed them to the respondents. Refer to Appendix – C for a copy of this Questionnaire. Observation – This instrument was used in analyzing the existing system. The proponent observed and noted the flow of work in the existing system. The researcher then used it to identify where problems are commonly encountered. The proponent would use the observations to suggest a better and effective system. Refer to Appendix – D for notes made during observation tours and meetings. Evaluation – This method was used to assess the capability level of the existing and the proposed system software using a set of criteria, namely: accessibility, accuracy, efficiency, and speed and user friendliness. Refer to Appendix – E for a copy of the Evaluation Form. Statistical Treatment of Data Information and data gathered in the course of the study were both qualitative and quantitative in form. For the quantitative data, the researcher applied statistical methods of analysis in order to the properly interpret and present data in a more understandable form. The following statistical methods were used to interpret the results: Percentage – This statistic refers to the relation between the part under consideration to the whole, expressed in hundredths. Ranking – This refers to arranging of scores of the data in numerical order. Frequency – This represents the number of respondents that obtained a particular score. Weighted mean Wm = f (x1 + x2 + †¦. xn) N Method Used in Developing the System This part shows the various phases of the software development which are presented as a step-by-step process for the proponent to understand better the development of the proposed system. It is in this stage where the important parts of the proposed system were put together. The proponent used the classical life cycle model which is also known as the waterfall model in developing the system. It views the software process as being made up of number of stages namely: the Planning phase, the Analysis phase, the Design phase, the Development phase and the Implementation phase. Refer to Figure 3. 0. Figure 2. 0 The Waterfall Model By: Ian Somerville Planning Phase – In this phase, a study is conducted with the aim of identifying problems in the existing system. It also determines the conditions for solving the problems, whether the proponent should spend more time and work, or gather additional information. The proponent needs an overview of the projected work to determine the, resources needed, the requirements of the system, a graphical outline of the project, and the timetable to adhere with and the projections to make. Analysis Phase – This phase is used to have a clear understanding of the existing system in order to identify problems encountered so that it may be corrected or modified. It also identifies the data and processes used in the existing system that would also be used in the proposed system but applied in an automated and organized manner. Design Phase – The proponent should design a program with a logical process flow that the target users could easily and clearly understand. Every object in the commands should be in the correct hierarchical position from main to specific functions and processes. The proponent should make a program that is designed to attract the users. Development Phase – In this phase, the proponent starts to develop the system using information from the previous phases. With the shortcomings of the existing system identified, the proponent incorporates the solutions that would make the proposed system better. The problems encountered in the existing system are now considered solved with the proposed system an enhanced version of the former. Implementation Phase – This is final phase wherein the proposed system is now installed, brought to operation and used. Prior to actual operation, the system is tested for bugs and a simulated run is conducted to verify if the proposed system indeed improves the operations of the existing system. Analytical Tools Analytical tools were used to highlight the various parts the proposed system. They served to give a graphical representation of the system to the system developer. The tools used in developing the software were: Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Visual table of contents (VTOC), Input process and Output (IPO) diagram, Program Flowchart. These were considered very important in developing the system. Program Flowchart – This is a logical chart containing symbols referring to computer operations that describe how the program works or performs. This tool was used to design and develop overall software architecture. See Appendix – (A) Context Diagram – The ‘context’ of any situation is the external environment in which it exists. In process terms, the context contains other processes that provide inputs and outputs to and from the process in question. See Appendix – (B) Visual Table of Contents (VTOC) – This shows the hierarchical structure of the system moving from general to specific. It is also the chart that allocates different entities within the main program. See Appendix – (C) HIPO (Hierarchy plus Input-Process-Output) – technique is a tool for planning and/or documenting a computer program. A HIPO model consists of a hierarchy chart that graphically represents the program’s control structure and a set of IPO (Input-Process-Output) charts that describe the inputs to, the outputs from, and the functions (or processes) performed by each module on the hierarchy chart. See Appendix – (E) Proposed System (Screen Layouts) – You can see the appearance of the entire skin layout of the system. See Appendix (F) Exploded Diagram – A more detailed than the context diagram. See Appendix – (G) Data Flow Diagram (DFD) – It represents all the entities to the system, the flow of the data from the beginning to the end, together with the processes undertaken. Refer to Appendix G for the Data Flow Diagram used in developing the system. See Appendix – (H) Gantt chart – is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. See Appendix – (I) Chapter IV. Recommendation This research study suggest that Conclusion APPENDICES Appendix A The Flowchart of the Proposed Library System F T NO YES Appendix B Context Diagram Appendix C Visual Table of Contents (VTOC) Appendix D Module: Login Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 1. 0 Author: Group 3 |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click |If the choice is username then load and display|Username | | | | | |Login Form |If the choice is password then load and display|Password | Module: Information of the Student Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 2. 0 Author: Group 3. |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click |If the choice is name of student then load and |Name of Student | | |display | | | | | | | |If the choice is course then load and display |Course | | | | | | |If the choice is section then load and display |Section | |Information of the Student | | | | |If the choice is year level then load and | | | |display |Year level | | | | | | |If the choice is add student then load and |Add Student | | |display | | Module: Details of the Book borrowed; date borrowed Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 3. 0 Author: Group 3. |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click |If the choice is Name of the Book then load and|Name of the Book | | |display | | | | | | | |If the choice is Author of the Book then load |Author of the Book | | |and display | | |Details of the book Borrowed; Date | |Date Borrowed | |Borrowed/Returned |If the choice is Borrowed then load and | | | |display | | | | |Date that the book will be returned | | |If the choice is Date that the book will be | | | |returned then load and display | | Module: List of Borrowers Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 4. 0 Author: Group 3. |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click | | | |List of Borrowers |If the choice is Table view of borrowers then |Table view of borrowers | | |load and display | | Appendix F SCREEN LAYOUTS OF THE SYSTEM The screen interface of the login form [pic] The screen interface of the error message [pic] The screen interface of the main form [pic] The screen interface of the adding students form [pic] The screen interface of the details of the book form [pic] The screen interface of the table view of the borrowers form [pic] Appendix G Data Flow Diagram Verify Filling up Info. Append Student Saving new student D1 Adding Student Table viewFilling up infos. Appendix H Exploded Diagram |Task Name |Nov. 7 |Nov. 14 |Nov. 28 |Dec. 5 |Dec. 12 | | |T | |2. Compile Question for Interview | | |3. Interview | | | |4. Problem Statement | | | |5. Initial Scheduling | | | |6. Gathering of Source Document | | | |7. Identifying Customer Needs | | | |8. Concept Design and Presentation | | | |9. Research Database Option | | | |10. Individual Idea Generation | | | |11. Select Top Concepts | | | |12. Understand Technologies To Be | | | |Used | | | |13. Design System | | | Appendix I Gantt Chart |Task Name |Nov. 7 |Nov. 14 |Nov. 28 |Dec. 5 |Dec. 12 | | |T | |15. Develop Alpha Version | | |16. Develop Beta Version | | | |17. Finalize System Version | | | |18. Final Revisions and | | | |Defense | | | |19. Defense of the System | | | |20. Revisions of | | | |Documentation | | | |20. Submission of Final | | | |Revision | | | Bibliography Credits: www. wikipedia. com www. ivythesis. typepad. com www. ideo. columbia. edu www. thesisblog. com www. thefreelibrary. com ———————– [pic] Planning Phase Analysis Phase. Design Phase Development Phase Implementation Phase 2. 1 Name of Student 2. 0 Information of the Student 1. 2 Password 1. 1 Username 1. 0 User Login Print Error msg Print FrmAdd FrmAdd Autho- rization r 4. 0 List of Borrowers 3. 0 Details of the book; date borrowed/returned 2. 0 Student Information 1. 0 Administrator Login Student 0. 0 Computerized Library System 0. 0 COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM Librarian Start Administrator Login Form Print FrmLogin Verification Error Message Saved A A Student Info. Print FrmMain Saved Details of the book; Date borrowed/returned. Print FrmBorrow Saved List of borrowers Print View End 2. 2 Course 2. 3 Section 2. 4 Year level 2. 5 Add Student 4. 0 Details of the book; Date borrowed/returned 4. 1 Name of the Book borrowed 4. 2 Author of the Book 4. 3 Date Borrowed 4. 4 Date to be returned 5. 0 List of Borrowers 5. 1 Table view of the Borrowers 3. 0 Add Student 3. 1 Name of Student 3. 2 Course 3. 3 Section 3. 4 Year level User Login Form 1. 1 User Login 2. 1 Information of the student 3. 1 Add Student 5. 1 Producing a table of view of the students 4. 1 Details of the book | date borrowed / returned.

Christian-Only Hiring Policy Essay

Case Study: Matthew is planning to open a manufacturing facility. He is considering a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy whereby he would determine to hire only professing, evangelical Christians to work in the facility. He asks you for your advice on the following questions: 1. Would such a policy be legal? If so, under what terms and what might the restrictions be? 2. From a Great Commission perspective, would this policy be advisable? 3. How would your answers change, if at all, if they planned to open a Christian school rather than a manufacturing facility? Matthew is planning to open a manufacturing facility and is considering a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy. The only way that this policy would be legal is if the manufacturing facility was considered to be a non-profit organization. A non-profit organization is an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals rather than distributing them as profit or dividends. The extent to which a non-profit organization can generate surplus revenues may be constrained or use of surplus revenues may be restricted. If this manufacturing facility was deemed to be a non-profit organization, then the organization would be exempt from the Civil Rights Act and would be able to implement their â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy without facing charges down the road of discrimination. Due to the fact that a manufacturing facility would be unable to be classified as a non-profit organization because their purpose is usually to distribute its products for profit, then my adv ice would be that this policy would not be advisable for Matthew to use a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy. Using this policy would cause people to be discriminated against due to religious preference, and this is clearly illegal in the United States. If Matthew was planning to open a Christian school rather than a manufacturing facility, my answer would still be that it is illegal to discriminate in a for-profit organization. There are times when a faith-based humanitarian organization has prevailed over the lawsuits brought against them for discrimination due to religious preference, however, I do not advise toying with the gray area of the laws. I would advise Matthew that if he intends to open his manufacturing facility, it is not legal and not advisable to implement his â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy.

Benefit Design Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Benefit Design Report - Assignment Example The new benefit design will adhere to all legal law constraints governing pay systems such as overtime pay. The common overtime issues to be compensated include compensatory time off, training time, travel time, and non-exempts incentives. In order to ensure fair incentives for performance, the company will be using variable pay system. This means compensation linked to team/group, individual, and organizational performance. Variable pay system will ensure fair compensation because some employees show good working efforts, which are highly productive than others. Therefore, better performing workers should be compensated more. Additionally total compensation need to be linked directly to results and performance. Lastly, certain jobs contribute a lot to the corporation than others and need higher compensation rate. The benefit design avoids use of team/group benefits compensation because rewarding employees in equal rates seems to be â€Å"unfair† since there are employees who work harder or carry out difficult jobs than others. Also team/group members may not be willing to accept co-workers’ incentive decisions. Moreover, most employees expect to receive benefits as per individual

Architectural design of Taj Mahal from scratch to the completion of Research Paper

Architectural design of Taj Mahal from scratch to the completion of the structure - Research Paper Example It is through studying that I will be able to reach my dreams and as a result I endeavour to finish my degree program by 2014. By the time of my graduation, I am expecting to have acquired sufficient knowledge and skills which would form a basis for the practical experience and future practice in architecture. My further achievement in education will be made possible through the Msc that I plan to pursue in The University of Sharjah, UAE. The masters program will give me more in depth knowledge and skills and thus sufficient qualification for a professional architectural practice. After the masters program, I plan to work at Sharjah for one year so that I would gain an experience in architecture to prepare for my active working career. Since Sharjah is composed of experts in architecture, I will be able to acquire consultative learning and working experience in addition to getting mentorship in architecture. After the Sharjah experience, I plan to travel back to Nigeria where I will work in my uncle’s firm as an architect. The working experience in Nigeria will mark the beginning of the development of my architectural career. I plan to apply my knowledge in architecture and use the best of my abilities so that I will develop myself into a famous architect within Nigeria and beyond. Most importantly I am focused, motivated and determined to follow my dream and plan until I reach the peak of my career. Introduction The Taj Mahal is a perplexing architectural creation which made me to appreciate architecture and thus aroused my interest and motivation in becoming an architect. The mausoleum which was designed by Emperor Shah Jahan and the complexities involved in the whole process of building this amazing structure is the focus of my research. Therefore, this... This research will begin with the description of the Construction of the Taj Mahal. The construction of Taj Mahal was orchestrated by its chief architect Shah Jahan. According to Beddow, the imagination and creativity that Shah Jahan put into the architecture of the mausoleum has made it to be categorized as the most monumental structure for all time. Through the design of the building, Jahan was enabled to create the purest tomb for his dead wife. Ahmed points out that the building of Taj Mahal was initiated by Shah Jahan who recruited the very best builders and craftsmen within the empire. Additionally, the mausoleum was built using the best and finest of the building material. The emperor who was the mastermind of Taj Mahal building ensured that precious marble stone was used in the construction of the building. These stones had not been used in any construction before and the builders who acted as agents of the emperor’s designs did their best to make the building the most unique and wonderful structure ever built in India and beyond. According to Hand the architecture of the Taj Mahal as designed by Shah Jahan was highly regarded within his empire and has received international recognition over the years. The Islamic society considered architectural expression as the most attributable quality of a ruler. Through his architectural work, it can be argued that Jahan expressed his status as the ruler of the empire because his abilities in designing the building were extraordinary and unique.

Psychological Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychological Research Methods - Essay Example The groups will be tested before and after the therapeutic period using a health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire designed specifically for this inquiry. The scores of the two groups will be compared and analyzed to determine if, as expected, the experimental group demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in motor impulsivity behavior. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting three to ten percent of school-age children, primarily boys, and up to five percent of adults (Wender, 2000, p. 4). Although there are differing opinions on how to specifically define the condition, as well as the appropriate methods for sorting it out from other associated behavioral disorders, most practitioners agree that if a certain set of behaviors (distraction, fidgeting, excessive talking, etc.) are present in sufficient quantity and severity, the diagnosis is correct (Atkinson & Hornby, 2002, pp. 46-47). The scope of this research will not be to determine the actual presence of ADHD; it will rely on the diagnosis of medical professionals to form the study group. This approach is in line with established protocols, where "regardless of the treatment approach, the diagnosis of ADHD and other co-morbidities first must be established through a standard medical evaluation" (Baumgaertel, 1999, p. 977). This research will, however, seek to test whether a specific alternative treatment (music therapy), when used in conjunction with traditional pharmacological therapy, can attenuate motor impulsivity. The focus of treatment for ADHD is to "decrease symptoms, enhance functionality, and improve well-being for the child and his or her close contacts" (Klassen, et al., 2004, p. 541). The primary methodology for accomplishing this control is the use of pharmacological agents, and it is common knowledge that drugs such as Ritalin are often employed to attenuate the symptoms. In response to a perceived over-prescribing of such medicines by doctors, there has been a rise in alternative therapies that seek to attenuate ADHD behavior through non-pharmacological means; the majority of which are designed to be used in conjunction with medication. For example, a recent study sought to determine if yoga could be used as an alternative method and, although no "strong support" was found, the authors nevertheless concluded that "yoga may have merit as a complementary treatment for boys with ADHD already stabilized on medication" (Jensen & Kenny, 2004, p. 205). It has been suggested that of all the alternative treatments proposed, music may have the best impact, particularly with situational performance in cognitive tasks (Baumgaertel, 1999, p. 980). Others, however, have found that "there is little in the music therapy literature about [treatment] for ADHD," but cite survey results that music therapists are employing a number of different methods in treating children with ADHD (Jackson, 2003, 302). One study has directly addressed the issue of music therapy on the level of motor impulsivity, with mixed results. While "no statistical difference was found between the impact of the contrasting approaches as

Management Plannin in Global Crossing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Plannin in Global Crossing - Essay Example Among the various services offered are those in its ‘Fast Track’ program, such as dedicated internet, on-demand video and audio conferencing, long distance services and VOIP. Two programs offer customers the ability to market the services under their own name brand or through co-branding. Physical locations include Pennsylvania, Indiana, California, Florida, and New York in the US. Overseas locations include Argentina, Great Britain, Ireland and Hong Kong. Extensive cable networks, phone lines, routers, servers and technical equipment must be maintained at an optimum level to provide the extensive services that the organization offers. There are communications experts, IT professionals, financial managers and customer service representatives that must work efficiently to maintain all the accounts that are served. Executives and top decision makers must determine current market demand based on information provided by managers of marketing and sales. They must then make de cisions about infrastructure such as whether certain networks in specific locations should be upgraded. They rely heavily on the technical managers to assist with tasks in this area. Decision makers must also determine future needs of current customers, based on technology trends and usage. Decisions on what types of services and how they will be delivered are critical.

The Effects Of Social Networks On E-Commerce Dissertation

The Effects Of Social Networks On E-Commerce - Dissertation Example Over the past years, the internet was used by majority of people as a medium for interaction and making fun by engaging in activities such as online gaming. With numerous improvements made on the internet, there has been an ever rising increase in trust in social links among the users. For this reason, online marketplaces have been augmented by many online business people as a way of developing and building honest and trust in their transactions with their partners as well as maximizing customer satisfactions. The outcome is the growth in the size of sales over the internet leading to a shift in demand. Through social links, customers can chart through forums with their clients, exchange useful business information concerning a particular company or product. Therefore, customers have a better bargaining power. This paper gives a deep exploration into how social media instruments affects the frequent purchasing behaviors and business transaction activities, notwithstanding the implica tions on the demand for products in the online-fashion industry. Like the trends in fashions, the tools of social media are innovative yet unpredictable because they are getting utilized and improved each and every time. The fashion industry is getting transformed by facets that are more related as a result of movement of more professionals of fashion in the online media, for this case the social media. The accessibility into the industry by has been made easy by these tools thus involving the general public and the entire customers of the fashion industry updated on the current fashion trends. Specifically this study explains the effects of social media on the behaviors of demand and customer inflow into the market. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In the recent years, the way people communicate with each other and share information has been revolutionized by social media. Initially the social networks were being used in large numbers by the teenagers for making new friends as well as keeping in t ouch with old ones. However, the situation has changed with now the focus being directed to online commerce for the purpose of generating solid and reliable revenues1. The e-mail which was earlier seen as the only method of communication electronically has been out-fashioned by the social media which is currently leaving its mark in the e-commerce, and the online fashion industry is not an exception. The fashion industry traces its roots to the traditional and old business practices hence making it lag behind in adopting new technologies. Almost everything done in the industry is more dependent on human labor rather than machines, beginning with designs sketches of designs to the process of purchasing. In most situations, the customers were the determiners of what kind of stock was to be put in stock because of their different tastes and preferences. However, with the existence of fast-acting technologies, fashion brands no longer seat back and wait for their customers to meet their needs. Social media is a to-way form of media under which users develop personal identities through dialogue and self-presentation.2 This has led to the social media receiving immense attention from consumers who go shopping online, specifically the fashion industry consumers. The global platforms such Tweeter, LinkedIn and Facebook creates room for designers to blog and keep their profiles updated with the aim of molding their brands and personalities on real-time basis. The interaction between

Critique of Selected Epidemiological Research Article Paper

Critique of Selected Epidemiological Article - Research Paper Example trated by what the authors did, which was to evaluate whether there was an association between older age and going back to a clinic in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The authors also sought to find the extent to which age and other factors measured and differed by the type of visits. The study reports two hypotheses, which were stated candidly. The authors theorized that the type of visit would have an association with key demographics namely lifestyle, health and function characteristics. The second hypothesis was that the oldest participants would have the worst retention for in-person clinic visits. The design of the research study conducted by Strotmeyer et al. (2011) is a longitudinal epidemiological study. There was no intervention in the study because such investigations entail the following up of subjects over a protracted period, which is characterized by constant observation of various risk factors as well as health outcomes. Conducting a longitudinal epidemiological study is a vital step in investigating the relationships between exposure to recognized or supposed causes of disease and the ensuing morbidity or mortality. This is the most appropriate research deign for the objectives in this study because it enables the tracing of same people for a long period (Jewel & Hubbard, 2006). Consequently, the variations aspects observed in the people are less likely to have the interference of cultural disparities over different age group. Due to these reasons, longitudinal studies obtain accurate results. The power analysis procedure was neither used to estimate the sample size requirements prior to undertaking the study nor to find the likelihood of committing a Type II error. The presence of a power analysis enables the determination of the sample size required for the study based on information from previous research. It also used to verify whether the non-significant outcomes are due to the lack of association in the samples or the lack of statistical

Increase in Insurance Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Increase in Insurance Rates - Essay Example As result the rate directly relates to the premium paid. One factor that causes insurance rates to the increase is the occurrences of particular risks. For instance, an increase ion the occurrences of auto accidents in a particular region ill normally lead to the increase of the premium charged for motor cover. Several instances have been evidenced where the prevalence of a particular risk has led to insurance firms charging higher interest rates for such risks. Other insurers have been noticed to shun covering such risks. Another factor that has seen insurance rates go up is the moral hazard among the insured. This is the situation where the insured party takes no responsibility to prevent the occurrence of risks (G, 1960). This normally arises from the gratification that â€Å"after all I am insured.† The person therefore takes no duty to prevent certain risks from occurring. This will in the long run, lead to an increase in the prevalence of some risks. As a result, insuran ce firms will progressively increase the rates so that the insured chuck out more in form of premiums. The increase in the uncertainties realized in some dimensions in life has made insurance firms take radical measures to ensure they can cope with such situations.

1984 the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

1984 the movie - Essay Example The movie highlights totalitarianism through government’s ability to administer round-the-clock surveillance, limiting the subjects’ expenses, luxuries as well as their actions. Even though the movie was titled 1984, its main objective was to project the effects of totalitarianism in the future governments if not properly checked. Winston Smith, the starring, represents Government officials even though the type of life he leads is not different from other citizens. At home, he is not free, since the giant television screen he watches, also watches him. When he walks in the streets of London to work, he passes through big billboards that resemble the beloved leader of Oceania, the Big Brother, who constantly watches them in the streets. The government he works for constantly alters history in order to suit their current policies, through the introduction of Newspeak vocabulary of Oceania. Similarly, when one is thrown out of the government, Winston has to go through the daily newspapers as well as the official records until he ensures that the person’s name is erased. This clearly depicts the totalitarianism state of the government, since it strives t o take control of its citizens. The movie highlights in a detailed manner, how governments and political parties wield intensive control over their followers. According to the movie, such a vice must be done away with and the citizens should be allowed to enjoy their

Fairness in the American Taxation System Essay Example for Free

Fairness in the American Taxation System Essay The hot topic in America right now is taxation. While many members of society believe the current taxing system is fair, others believe it is not. The President, congress, and the senate try their hardest to work together to please the entire population with all of the reforms they make. Not only is paying taxes mandatory for American citizens, it is a public duty. The reason people are required to pay tax is because the government uses the money collected to support the country Americans live, breath, and work in. Taxes are like a form of rent. With our country being as diverse as it is, there are many people that cannot survive on their own nor pay any sort of taxes. The most common reason for persons not being able to pay up is disability. It is up to the rest of the citizens of the United States to help support this percentage of people that are not able to work. Since these people are unable to work and provide for their families, the government created a social program called Welfare. This program is very special and gives security to the people receiving it for a better, poverty-free life. Another program for the underprivileged is called Medicaid. Similar to Welfare, this gives insurance to people that cannot afford to pay medical bills, etc. The type of tax that is currently in play in the United States is called Progressive tax; the more you earn the more you pay. â€Å"The new economy rich often favor tax increases because, in contrast to Republicans and their business backers, they enthusiastically support increased government spending on education, health care, and scientific research† (Callahan, David 14). While some say this is not just, obviously the government, congress, and voters believe so. Some people believe it to be fair because the rich have more to offer then the poor; they work hard for their money and have a lot to show for it. Federal taxes this year will approach $3,300 a person. To tax everyone equally is out of the question. Many individuals and families cannot possibly bear a Federal tax of $3,300 per capita. So government must treat people, not equally but unequally. Harriss, Lowell 271) It would be unfair and brutal for a poor family in our country to pay the same amount of money in taxes as the wealthiest family in America. Tax increases on the rich would not be punishment nor unfair, â€Å"They worry about poor people and pollution. They want government to make sure that Americans have the kind of education they need to compete in the global economy† (Callahan, David 13). Although all citizens would not be taxed the same amount annually, the progressive sys tem gives each citizen the right to live a blessed life. Regarding making the taxation system â€Å"simple, equal, and fair,† (Simple 42) â€Å"fulfilling all of these objections is challenging† (Simple 42). No Matter how the law of taxation is set, there will always be people to protest and their will always be people to challenge the system. â€Å"Degrees of fairness in taxation cannot possibly be measured, but we can often sense that one condition is nearer than another to the concept we have in mind† (Harriss Lowell 271). Reasonable, humane, productive, creative, generous, innovative persons – voters embodying the attributes we admire – and persons embodying the attributes we consider destructive of the good life – envy, spite, greed, profligacy, short-sightedness, selfishness – will probably have different views about a fair scale of progression. (Harriss Lowell 273) The types of admirable views listed above show that progressive tax is truly the best decision for America. Not only is it the right choice in equality, but it is morally well-rounded. Most of the taxes we pay go to citizens that are deprived of money. The government ensures that the money taken out of an individuals check is put to good use. Other taxes go to support the entire country. If taxes did not exist, it would be every man for himself and our economy would be a disaster. Without a progressive taxation system, America would not be as strong as it is today. There would be an even bigger difference between the wealth and poverty line. People travel all over the world to come to the United States to achieve the â€Å"American Dream,† and the government’s law of taxation allows individuals to do just that.

Non Observance Of Grices Maxims

Non Observance Of Grices Maxims Grice pointed out that not all people observe the maxims, when the speaker fails to observe the maxims, this means that there is a distinction between what the speaker says and what he means, in other words, an implicature arises as a result of non-observance of the maxims, and the implicature here plays a great role to get the intended meaning of the speakers utterance. Grice distinguished five types by which the speaker fails to observe a maxim; they are flouting, violating, Infringing, opting out, and suspending. 1. Flouting a Maxim The speaker blatantly fails to observe a maxim in which he has no intention of deceiving or misleading. The speaker wishes to raise the hearers attention to the implicit meaning which is different from, or in addition to, the expressed meaning. According to Grice this additional meaning is called Conversational implicature and the way by which such implicature is generated is called flouting a Maxim (Grice, 1975:71).If the addressor and the addressee have shared the same background knowledge, the knowledge of interpretation is not the roles of linguistic forms but the knowledge of the world, then the implicature will accomplish (Couthared, 1987:8). 1.1 Flouting the maxim of quantity When the speaker blatantly gives more or less information that the situation requires, the speaker usually flouts this maxim because s/he uses insufficient words in conversation. In other words, the speaker gives incomplete words when s/he is speaking (Leech, 1983:140). For example: Women are women This utterance from the level of what is said is non informative, but it is informative at the level of what is implicated, and the hearers intention to such utterance depends on the ability to explain the speakers selection of this particular speech. The functions of flouting the quantity maxim are: Irony, Metaphor, Meiosis, Hyperbole, etc. (Grice, 1975:52- 53). 1.2 Flouting the maxim of quality In order not to get some punishments from addressee, addressor intends to say something untrue or lies and denies something. The speaker misrepresents his information in order to make the hearer understand the intended meaning of an utterance (Levinson, 1983:110). Example: Someone says to Xs wife, She is deceiving him this evening. From the context of the sentence, or from the tone or voice, it seems to be that the speaker has no adequate reason for supposing this to be the case, or possibly that she is the sort of person who would not stop short of such conduct (Grice, 1975:53-54). 1.3 Flouting the Maxim of relation The participant flouts this maxim in such a way makes the conversation unmatched, the participants topics are spoken in different ways; in this case the participant will change the topic by means of irrelevance topic of the partner of the conversation (Levinson, 1983:111). Example: A: Mrs. X is an old bag B: The weather has been quite delightful this summer, hasnt it? B has blatantly refused to make what he says relevant to As preceding remark. He implicated that As remark should not to be discussed; more specifically perhaps, A has committed a social gate (Grice, 1975:54). 1.4 Flouting the maxim of manner When the speaker says ambiguous language or uses another language which makes the utterance incomprehensible by addressee, this is the case of flouting the maxim of manner. Moreover, if the addressor uses slang or his voice is not loud enough s/he will flouts this maxim (Levinson, 1983:104). An example was given by Thomas (1995:71): Interviewer: Did the United States Government play any part in Duvaliers Departure? Did they, for example, actively encourage him to leave? Official: I would not try to steer you away from that conclusion. In the above example the official response is extremely long and convoluted and it is obviously no accident, nor through any inability to speak clearly, therefore, he has failed to observe the maxim of manner. The official has replied Yes. 2. Violating the maxims According to Grice (1975:49) the speaker violates a maxim when s/he will be liable to mislead the hearer to have such implicature. The speaker deliberately tries to make his utterance overt or to be noticed. This makes the hearer infers an implicature(Murray,2007).In the real life situations, many people tend to tell untruth and break the maxims of Grices cooperative principle when they communicate, they even do multiple violations for lying purposes(Gice,1975:45). People in real life tend to tell lies for different reasons: hide the truth, save face, feel jealous, satisfying the hearer, cheer the hearer, building ones belief, avoid hurting the hearer, and convincing the hearer. They believe that a lying is the natural tool to survive and to avoid them from anything that may put them in an inappropriate condition (Tupan Natalia, 2008:64-66). The talk of the non-observance of the four maxims is the same whether these maxims located in flouting, violating, and other non-observance, but the difference is in the kind of non-observance, therefore, in the following, the examples will be adequate to illustrate how speaker violates a maxim. 2.1 Violating the maxim of quantity The following example is a conversation between two friends John and Mike: John: Where have you been? I searched everywhere for you during the past three months! Mike: I wasnt around. So, whats the big deal? John poses a question, which he needs to be answered by Mike. What Mike says in return does not lack the truth, however is still insufficient. This can be due to the fact that Mike prefers to refrain from providing John with the answer. Johns sentence implies that Mike has not been around otherwise, he did not have to search everywhere. John does not say as much as it is necessary to make his contribution cooperative. Therefore, John violated quantity maxim (Khosravizadeh Sadehvandi, 2011:123). 2.2 Violating the maxim of quality The following example is a conversation between mother and her son: Mother: Did you study all day long? Son who has been playing all day long: Ive been studying till know! In this conversation, the boy is not truthful and he violates the maxim of quality. He lied to avoid unpleasant consequences such as, punishment or to be forced to study for the rest of the day (Ibid: 122-123). 2.3 Violating the maxim of relation The following is an example of conversation between a teacher and one of his students; Teacher: Why didnt you do your homework? Student: May I go and get some water? Im so thirsty. In this example the students answer is by no means irrelevant to the teachers question. One reason for this answer can be the fact that the student is trying to evade the interrogation posed by the teacher (Ibid: 123). 2.4 Violating the maxim of manner The following is an example of conversation between two friends Sara and Anna: Sara: Did you enjoy the party last night? Anna: There was plenty of oriental food on the table, lots of flowers all over the place, people hanging around chatting with each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sara asked a very simple question, however what she receives from Anna is a protracted description of what was going on in the party. Two interpretations can be made from Annas description: 1.Anna had such a good time and2. She does not know how to complain about it. Anna is ambiguous; therefore, she violated the maxim of manner (Ibid: 123). 3. Infringing the maxims When the speaker has an imperfect knowledge or performance of language, the speaker here infringes the maxims like a young child or a learner of foreign language who has imperfect command of the language. Furthermore; nervousness, darkness, excitement may make impairment of the speakers performance, in these cases s/he does the infringement (Thomas, 1995:74).Sometimes speaker infringes the maxims because he is incapable to speak clearly, he does not know the culture or he has not enough knowledge of language. For example: Someone learning English as a second language speaks to a native speaker. English speaker: Would you like ham or salad on your sandwich? Non-English speaker: Yes The implicature has not been generated by interlocutor; s/he has not understood the utterance. The answer might be interpreted as non-operative; this is a case of different social knowledge which implied a different implicature (Dornerus, 2006:7). The difference between violating and infringing located in the fact of speakers intention; in violating the speaker is liable to mislead the hearer, whereas in infringing the speaker unintentionally fails to observe a maxim. Violating is a kind of misleading the hearer to get implicatures, the speaker here intends to mislead in order to save face or avoid hurting the audiences. Infringement occurs when a speaker fails to observe the maxim because he has no perfect knowledge to communicate. 4. Opting out the maxims When the speaker opts out from the maxim, s/he seems unwilling to cooperate in the way the maxim requires (Grice, 1975:71). Moreover, Thomas (1995:74) said that the example of opting out occurs frequently in public life, when the speaker cannot, perhaps for legal or ethical reason, reply in the way normally expected. The speaker usually wishes to avoid generating a false implicature or appearing uncooperative. Thomas also stated that giving the requested information might hurt a third party or put them in danger. For example: If a doctor or a nurse, who has complete confidentiality regarding his/her patients, is asked by the police or the press to reveal something about the patient that s/he is treating, he /she will reply: A: I am sorry but cant tell you anything. The doctor or nurse opted out maxim when s/he prevented from answering; the doctor seems to be unwilling to cooperate, due to the procedures of the hospital or for the sake of secret information or something else. (Dornerus, 2006:7). 5. Suspending the Maxims If there is no expectation on the part of any participant that the maxims will be fulfilled (hence the non-fulfillment does not generate any implicatures), the speakers do not observe the maxims. It may be culturally-specific to a particular event. The suspending of the maxim of quality can be found in funeral orations and obituaries, when the description of the deceased needs to be praiseworthy and exclude any potentially unfavorable aspects of their life or personality. Poetry suspends the manner maxim since it does not aim for conciseness, clarity and lack of ambiguity. In the case of telegrams, telexes and some international phone calls quantity maxim will be suspended because such means are functional owing to their very brevity .It is difficult to find any persuasive examples in which the maxim of relation is suspended (Thomas, 1995:76-78). 2. Methodology 2.1 Research questions Grice in 1975 developed the idea of cooperative principle; he has claimed that the speakers should observe the maxims to achieve the aim of communication. The study aims to analyze English proverbs from the perspective of cooperative principle. This study intends to answer the following three questions: 1. Are the English proverbs constructed by observance or non-observance of Grices maxims? 2. Which maxim failed to be observed more than others, and why? 3. Which kind of non-observance is used to construct English proverbs more than others, and why? 2.2 Data collection There are various sources of English proverbs and there are thousands of English proverbs around the world, these sources can not be absorbed in this thesis, therefore, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs will be the only approved source for this study. This dictionary edited by John Simpson and Jennifer Speake in 1998. This invaluable work of reference provides over 1000 of the best known English proverbs from around the world and commonly used in 20th century Britain. Proverbs in this dictionary arranged alphabetically by the first significant word, each one includes illustrative quotations, beginning with the earliest known use. The choice of proverbs in English language to be a data in this study is based on several reasons: firstly, English is a native language for people in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Secondly, English became the second language in many countries around the world. Thirdly, English language is taught as a foreign language in the unive rsities, primary and secondary schools in most countries in Asia, Africa. English become a language of communication in broadcast, diplomacy working, and journalism. The dirty proverbs (if found) will be excluded from the study. 2.3 Research procedures This thesis is an investigation of English proverbs based on the theory of the Cooperative Principle; the non-observance of Grices maxims will be a framework to analyze the collected data. Qualitative and quantitative approaches will be adopted in this study. Qualitative study will be done to explore the observance and non-observance of Grices maxims. Quantitative study will be used to measure the frequency of observance and non-observance laid in the English proverbs and to promote the results. 3. Results and Discussion The following are one hundred of English proverbs chosen to illustrate the procedures followed in this study. The data will classify into groups according to the significant words shared by each group. Both qualitative and quantitative study will adopt: 3.1 The result of quantitative study The quantitative study reveals that the most of groups of English proverbs do not observe the Grices maxims (non-observance), the study shows that 87% of proverbs are flouted, except 13% observed Grices maxims. They are as follows: The maxim of quality is flouted (40) times, and gains 40% The maxim of manner is flouted (32) times, and gains 32% The maxim of quantity is flouted (15%) time, and gains 15% The result showed no flouting in the maxim of relation. The result shows that flouting is the only kind of non-observance that used to construct English proverbs it gains 87% from the total of proverbs, the results reveals that the maxim of quality gains a high percentage of flouting it gains 40% this percentage shows that the non-observance of these maxims is contributes in creating the function of proverbs. The maxim of manner gains the second percentage 32%, the lowest percentage of flouting is gains 15% which break the maxim of quantity. The observance of Grices maxim gains the lowest percentage 13% which states that a few numbers of English proverbs can achieve the function of proverbs. The following table shows the details of frequencies and percentages of English proverbs for each group:

Business Plan for Restaurant in India

Business Plan for Restaurant in India THAKURS HAVELI is the name of my restaurant which is located at sector-34 in Chandigarh. This is a single unit, large size restaurant that serve or provide a healthy contemporary style food. . The location will be on 34 sec just outside the Chandigarh University and very close to a dense population of the target market. Location which is selected is first on rental basis. After that there is agreement of lease. After when the lease is signed there will be the 3 year of free rent for construction and in that particular course of time start up fund must be raised. After that work is complete Havel restaurant can open and then project can begin. Basically, restaurant infrastructure is a four-storey `building. The ground floor is a fast food junction where you will find Chinese, South-Indian, and American fast food, the first floor is for having lunch and dinner where you can seat with your family and enjoy wide variety of food, the second floor is for Beverages where you will find soft drinks, ice-creams and chocolates with the enjoyment of some games for kids and young ones and the third floor is for people who would like to have hard drinks such as whisky, rum, beer etc. Here you will find food of about 65 countries, new games to play and whiskies at it best. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As the name of our business is self explanatory that we are one of the best in the business of restaurant not only in Chandigarh but also in India. We have cook of world class that means we select cook from one of the best institution of hotel management so that our customers do not get upset after coming to our restaurant. Here, we provide food of about 65 nations i.e. nearly 1000 dishes either vegetarian or non-vegetarian and as we said earlier we having a bar at the top floor having all types of whiskies, rums, beer etc. COMPANY OWNERSHIP The owner of the company is Ujjwal Galleria, who will handle day-to-day operations of the plan and will work to ensure that this business venture is a success. He will be started this restaurant in 2011, at that time it consists of only single floor but in only 5years he will be grown his restaurant in such a way that able to compete with Indias one of the best restaurants. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of ours is to satisfy customers by our products and services. Therefore we offer a range of packages and services specifically tailored to the needs of each customer. KEYS TO SUCCESS Service our clients needs promptly and efficiently. Maintain excellent working relationships with our staffs such as Managers, Cook and other staffs. Maintain a professional image at all times. CURRENT SITUATION Now days, people are a bit foodies and want to try new and food of other nations too. This is reason why the restaurants becoming so popular in India. Another reason is that people of especially metropolitan cities have a very busy life especially the bachelors who are living away from their home and doing job on cites prefers to eat in restaurants than in their home. This is because they have very busy schedule and they got exhausted after doing job from morning to evening, thus prefers to eat in the restaurants. This scenario is also very common in families as most the family members are busy in their scheduled work in week days and as they got time they used to go to in restaurants to have dinner for a break. Due to this there were many restaurants are being opened in the cities and as a result of which there is so much competition among the restaurants. But despite all such competitions our Thakur Restaurant is able to lead this market in Chandigarh. The all credit is given to Mr. Ujjwal Guleria who made all this possible. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Several new and innovative technique of cooking is a part of the factor responsible for the growth of restaurants in India. Since the government of India has a policy of liberalization of India today is also a base on the market. According to the survey of the growth of restaurant industry in India is about 5.5%. Many people are also engaged in catering. According to recent survey that was created at the end of 2012, total restaurant in all parts of the world will offer employment to 34.7million people. The fact is the growth of the hospitality industry in India will directly lead to more fast food, because in todays world, young people prefer fast food, not just a fact that the growth of the restaurant is increasing every day. International restaurant opens branches in different parts of the city through the concept of free market and the process of liberization, creating foreign investment. Future of the restaurant is very bright in India. With an increase in the growth in demand from the industry also increased. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Our restaurant is a single unit, medium size and multiple restaurants that serve or provide a healthy contemporary style food. The restaurant will be located at 34 sec in Chandigarh. Our Mission I give my first preference toward to goal of the firm. I tried my best to achieve this goal. Development and Status This restaurant (Ujjwal Restaurant) was incorporated in October 2005. Mr. Ujjwal Galleria is the first responsibility is to the financial well being of the restaurant. The high level of understanding, attitude and self respect between our staff member and to the customer. The location is only 34 seconds outside Chandigarh University and near large populations of the target market. Location was chosen for the first time on rental basis. Then there is a lease. Once, when the lease is signed there will be three years free rent for the building and in particular, that over time you start the fund should be increased. After it is completed, Thakur restaurant can be opened and then the project can begin. Future Plan If my business is successfully meeting its projection with in 2 year .then after that I would like to created or start for a second location and start making a plan for next unit. Our 7 year goal is to have 5 restaurants in different part of India having a profit of between 10000000 to 20000000. OPERATIONAL AND PRODUCTION PLANS The following operational and production strategies that taken in the Thakur Restaurants. They are: Facilities and Offices This type of plan, I would say for equipment and office, where it is located. The restaurant covers 10,000 square meters, which is around in 34sec Punjab University Chandigarh. New equipment was used and the dining room has been decorated to attract customers. Employee Training and Education In this plan I never make any compromises. Training of all employees should be required. Employees are trained not only work, but also whole concept. There is a cook who wanted to give all the detailed information and also informed of the latest information in fording the industry. Food Production Food production is also an important point in production plan. I will make most food on the premises basis. Kitchen will be very clean and totally furnished. High standard equipment would be used. System Control In this a large amount of money spent in research the quality and integrity of our food. A person is hire who do all this type of research related to quality of food. All this food cost and stock are controlled by the management which is totally computerized basis. PRODUCTION PLAN The following are the Production plan of our restaurant. They are: Our restaurant will offer a large variety of food (Indian, Italian, and Spanish). It also includes a medium scale coffee shop inside it and having a bar at the top floor. Restaurant is divided into three parts Want open a fast food for those who want to eat fast food can sit in this section. Want open for meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) those who want to eat this kind of food can sit in this section only. Want open coffee shop and bar or just a room for discussion where people sit and talk with his friend or any one without disturbing other. MARKETING PLAN Our marketing plan is to establish a well-regarded brand name linked to a meaningful positioning. We will have to invest heavily in market to create a distinctive brand image projecting innovation, quality and value. We also measure awareness and response so we can adjust our market efforts if required. Market Need While preparing a market plan we should know the market need. That which type of market we want or need. There are two type of market need that ant to fill. They are: First one is that to make a market that produce good quality food, having cleanliness environment, with a cheap or low rate. Second one it that to take very few time for preparing the order. In modern life we face many problems in the restaurant. The first is that the food is fat and the other is that they take too much time preparing. So keep all this in view I would like a market offering good quality food in less time allows. I would like to add a coffee shop inside the restaurant to open. This is used for all but especially for those who just want coffee after dinner or lunch. Demographics This is used to tell that our business marketing plan focus on the following category: Student = this include the student of schools and different university situated near by age is from 18 to 20. Town worker = this include the worker or person working in a firm. Thus is the largest group. Age is from 35 to 55 Tourist = this is the person who just come with their family for enjoying. This makes good market for us. Age is from 40 to 69. Advertising After that I would like to spend on advertising. As this is only the medium by which we can make our sale or increase sale. If my business running significantly over our sale then it is not require to spent huge amount of fund in advertising. HUMAN RESOURCE PLAN Ujjwal Restaurant is a unique Human Resources Management restaurant that enables the process of acquiring talent, aligning them with organizations goals and leading the transformation, to help your organization take that leap in performance. From automating routine tasks, to generating strategic reports, to giving access to employee related information through self-service, Ujjwal Restaurant does it all. Our key Modules include Performance Management, Training Development, and recruitment, HR Workgroup and Report/Analytics, Payroll, Self-Service. As far human resources plan concerns it is just about how you manages your employees, thus, the management of employees in our business is as follows: In our restaurant, there are nearly 200 employees, including lower to higher level. As we have one Head Manager who manages all the employees in the restaurant so his salary is a bit higher than the any other employee. We have head in each of the branch of the restaurant such as in cooking department, fast food department, and beverage and games department and bar department. We select employees such as cook, managers, bar server etc. who are passed out from good institution and have at least 2 to 3 years of work experience. ASSESSMENT OF RISK The purpose of risk assessment is to identify hazards that could cause harm to the risks that may result from these dangers and take appropriate measures to eliminate or control risks. Significant findings of the risk assessment should be recorded if five or more persons. Risk assessment of cumulative event distribution and can be made when information was received from the contractor, other companies and freelancers working on the site. It will also need to see the site or sites of specific identified risks to visit. The followings are the main risks in the business if the restaurants: There are many competitors in north region such as McDonald, prà ªt fast food, residency, virtual this are the competitor in northern region. McDonald is the one the best competitor for our business. It is having a more than 6 franchisee in the northern region. They spend huge amount on advertising. They take the help of all medium such as radio, television, news paper. They also offering some discount after you make the bill of 400. The reason of risk is fluctuation in the share market. FINANCIAL PLAN Financial planning is a process of formulating objectives, evaluation of assets and resources, assessment of future financial needs and plan to revise the monetary targets. Many elements may be involved in financial planning including investments, asset allocation and risk management. Taxes, insurance and real estate are usually included. There is some important point which I kept in mind while making a financial plan. They are as follows: Growth rate will be moderate, and in smooth running. Sale would like to increase at a flow of 6% per year. 3. Company like to invest in financial plan and not in the. Company (expect it be necessary) Cost of good. Marketing Fees Marketing fees is generally for purchasing the material for production and convert them into finished product. This is also important one we should reserve some amount of fund for purchasing of raw material. Fixed and Variable Expense This fixed and variable expense is also required in our financial plan. As this expense is only determine by when we survey many restaurant after that we taking actual number from this restaurant which we survey. As by this we can know our fixed and variable expense.

Lawrence Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development Essay -- Lawrence Kohl

Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg laid the groundwork for the current debate within psychology on moral development. He proposed that children form ways of thinking through their experiences which include understandings of moral concepts such as justice, rights, equality and human welfare. Kohlberg followed the development of moral judgment beyond the ages. He determined that the process of attaining moral maturity took longer and was more gradual than other studies have shown. Kohlberg identified six stages of moral grouped into three major levels. Each level represented a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. At the first level, the preconventional level, a person's moral judgments are characterized by a individual perspective. Within this level, a Stage 1 they focused on avoiding breaking rules that are backed by punishment, obedience for its own sake and avoiding the physical consequences of an action to persons and property. At Stage 2 there is the early emergence of moral reciprocity. The Stage 2 focused on the value of an action. Reciprocity is of the form, "you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours." The Golden Rule becomes, "If someone hits you, you hit them back." At Stage 2 one follows the rules only when it is to someone's immediate interests. What is right is what's fair in the sense of an equal exchange, a deal, an agreement. At Stage 2 there is an understanding that everybody has his own ...

Eulogy for Grandfather :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandfather My grandfather taught us so much. When my sister and I were little, he taught us how to paint with oils on smooth pieces of wood, instructing us on how to blend colors or make certain brush strokes, telling us that "there are no straight lines in nature," to help us paint better trees. He taught us how to work with clay, too, and made us our own clay-working tools. He taught us how to roll pennies from the piggy bank he'd fill up every week. He taught us about the birds flying into the birdfeeder next to the family room window. He taught me about words, too, in one memorable exchange advising me to use the words "equine posterior" rather than their more common alternative. But most of what my grandfather taught us he taught us indirectly, without speaking. Going to museums with him was often a chore for me as a kid, because he would have to stop and read every plaque next to every painting or item, every so often calling us back to something we'd tired of already to explain what he'd just learned-but mostly, just observing, drinking in everything he could see with quiet patience. He never went to college, but he taught me more about education-and the value of being a self-educator-than I could learn in any school. My grandfather made miraculous things with lumps of clay and blocks of wood. It wasn't until much later that I realized how well-outfitted his workshop was, full of specialized tools; he'd taught my father how to be the same kind of hands-on man, and I thought all Grandpas and Dads had special lathes, band saws, table saws, jig saws, buckets of nails, vast arrays of screwdrivers and dozens of varieties of sandpaper in their basements. One birthday, I remember, he made special. After we'd unwrapped our other toys, my sister and I were presented with identical boxes with the Hallmark logo on them. They were presented with great ceremony, and we were confused but excited. We opened them at the same time. Inside my sister's box was a diorama of our dog Lady playing with a soccer ball out on the lawn. Her back paw was stomping tiny silk flowers into garden dirt rendered in sawdust. Mine was a black horse leaping over a stone wall-perfect down to the textured wood that formed the rock. Eulogy for Grandfather :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Grandfather My grandfather taught us so much. When my sister and I were little, he taught us how to paint with oils on smooth pieces of wood, instructing us on how to blend colors or make certain brush strokes, telling us that "there are no straight lines in nature," to help us paint better trees. He taught us how to work with clay, too, and made us our own clay-working tools. He taught us how to roll pennies from the piggy bank he'd fill up every week. He taught us about the birds flying into the birdfeeder next to the family room window. He taught me about words, too, in one memorable exchange advising me to use the words "equine posterior" rather than their more common alternative. But most of what my grandfather taught us he taught us indirectly, without speaking. Going to museums with him was often a chore for me as a kid, because he would have to stop and read every plaque next to every painting or item, every so often calling us back to something we'd tired of already to explain what he'd just learned-but mostly, just observing, drinking in everything he could see with quiet patience. He never went to college, but he taught me more about education-and the value of being a self-educator-than I could learn in any school. My grandfather made miraculous things with lumps of clay and blocks of wood. It wasn't until much later that I realized how well-outfitted his workshop was, full of specialized tools; he'd taught my father how to be the same kind of hands-on man, and I thought all Grandpas and Dads had special lathes, band saws, table saws, jig saws, buckets of nails, vast arrays of screwdrivers and dozens of varieties of sandpaper in their basements. One birthday, I remember, he made special. After we'd unwrapped our other toys, my sister and I were presented with identical boxes with the Hallmark logo on them. They were presented with great ceremony, and we were confused but excited. We opened them at the same time. Inside my sister's box was a diorama of our dog Lady playing with a soccer ball out on the lawn. Her back paw was stomping tiny silk flowers into garden dirt rendered in sawdust. Mine was a black horse leaping over a stone wall-perfect down to the textured wood that formed the rock.

Ikea Case Analysis

Case Study Analysis – IKEA IKEA possesses numerous strengths that will help the company gain high value proposition around the globe in general and in the United States in particular. IKEA has been well known for its distinctive self-service store, unassembled furniture with flat packages, and featured amenities as playrooms for children and Swedish cafes. Its success in the United States has visibly shown through the double revenues from 1997 to 2001 ($600 million to $1. 7 billion) (IKEA Invades America case study). By 2002, the United States was IKEA’s third-largest market, after Germany and United Kingdom, (exhibit 3 – IKEA Invades America case study) with 14 stores established, second largest number of stores worldwide (exhibit 4 – IKEA Invades America case study). IKEA displays itself as a unique IKEA â€Å"culture†, in which the minute the customers set their feet in the store, they emerge in the whole new world of furniture shopping with the latest, trendiest interior designs.Everybody could be a interior designer of their own homes for the time they are there, being able to choose from a wide selection of items available for each decorative setting, mix & match themes and color, etc. The store layout is designed in a predetermined path that leads shoppers toward different layouts of the model rooms. IKEA uses price tags with detailed information concerning the product, how to pick them up later at the storage (aisle #, bin #), and color-coordinated cards for design tips throughout the store for customers’ convenience.If customers need to carry on the shopping without their children, they could drop their kids at the childcare facility on the way into the store featuring large climbing structures. If they are hungry, they could stop by the IKEA restaurant with delicious items like smoke salmon or Swedish meatballs. In short, IKEA designs their store to meet every customer’s personal needs. IKEA’s Vi sion Statement about building a â€Å"partnership† with its customers reaches many different needs and dreams within satiable budgets.On a two-way partnership, IKEA gains its uniqueness by having designers create furniture that satisfies the aesthetic, cost, and quality criteria on one hand, and searching globally for suppliers with the most suitable raw materials to maintain the lowest price possible for their customers on the other hand. IKEA’s customers, therefore, are given more choices in their selection of furniture that best suits their interest and vision of how they want to furnish their homes/offices.The innovative flat packaging is one of the key determinant factors of how IKEA attains their low- cost goals for customers, for storage space and cost of inventory are significantly reduced. IKEA also creates a unique experience for their customers in such that instead of having a piece of furniture readily available for use, customers can now gain a more person al touch by putting in some labor to build up their piece of furniture into a complete product.IKEA’s slogan â€Å"Low price with meaning† in the Vision Statement emphasizes the company’s commitment to offer cleverly designed products in low cost and decent quality in order to help â€Å"people improve their homes and create better everyday lives†. Although flat packaging and the experience of self-built furniture are perceived as the distinctive components of IKEA, it will be helpful to expand the services to a wider range of customers who love the products yet refuse to go through the hassle of setting them up.One suggestion is to have an active delivery and assembling team that can deliver the finished product to customers who are willing to pay the extra costs. At IKEA, a product-strategy council consisted of senior managers go through the process of establishing priorities based on consumer trends and creating the matrix to set the product’s t arget retail prices. The matrix includes three basic price ranges and four basic styles, according to Figure B in the case study.Although the matrix is very successful at helping the product managers identify market opportunities and gaps in the company’s product lineup, the matrix is limited in terms of few product styles and price ranges. Hence, the choices in the store would only appeal to a limited group of customers who share the same tastes for interior designs as IKEA’s designers. Yet, I do not think the company should change its product lineup because by doing so, the company would increase its inventory and engineering cost tremendously that would consequently lead to higher products’ prices.The President of the IKEA Group recognizes that the â€Å"Scandinavian design and style is a niche and it is not to everyone’s taste†. Therefore, although the company may seek to appeal to a broader market, it does not want to be just another supplier of traditional furniture. I support this point of view and do believe that IKEA should continue to keep applying its matrix approach in its product lineup. One of the other challenges IKEA is facing in the American market is the guarantee of supplying lifetime quality products.The American consumers who specifically emphasize their demand on the longevity of the furniture would lean toward the specialty retailers that guarantee the lifetime of their purchases instead of IKEA’s â€Å"commitment-free approach to furniture†. As a result, in order to gain more market share within the American population, the company ought to modify the matrix. IKEA can do so by modifying its pricing bracket to include more high quality products, which allow a specific targeted group of customers more freedom in the process of choosing the most satisfying piece of furniture that meets all of their needs.With the high volume of purchasing products from Europe and Asia, specifically China and Poland (exhibit 5 and 6 – IKEA Invades America case study), the company can certainly increase the quality of their high-end products without much increases in the already low global purchasing prices. Giving the high marketability of furniture retailing ($67 billion in sales in 2002 – Case study IKEA Invades America) and the wide spread in low-end and high-end retailers in the United States, IKEA has very good market opportunities in increasing its growth rate.IKEA provides customers a one-of-a-kind furniture shopping experience that neither the low-end or high-end retailers can provide. Plus, IKEA supplies customers with more attractive products compared to low-end retailers and more options for price-sensitive customers compared to high-end retailers. In addition, with the current economic situation, people will steer away from expensive specialty stores and turn to the economical market.With the company’s low cost product strategy, based largely on the glob al suppliers and internal competitive engineering designs, IKEA could certainly target its marketing toward price-sensitive consumers in the recession to make the company more attractive. One suggestion would be have more IKEA location in college town and statistically ranked pool cities in the nation because low-income population would definitely find IKEA products more appealing than other unattractive low-end retailers. SWOT AnalysisStrengthsOnly organization of their kindScandinavian heritageLow cost with clever designStore layout and catalogues Shopping cultureConvenient for transportationClear instruction and easy-to-assemble| WeaknessesShort lifespanLimited product stylesLimited location for a no-delivery service| OpportunitiesMarketability of furniture retailingPrice-sensitive consumers in recessionWide dichotomy of current retailers| ThreatsDependant on global suppliersEmergence of low end retailersHigh quality specialty retailers| IKEA Case Analysis IKEA has a distinct market segment in the home furnishing arena. It has created a niche market with innovative designs, quality, and low price structure. IKEA has employed the cost leadership and product differentiation strategies through low price structure and innovative designs, respectively. Additionally, the uniqueness of the disposable furniture concept allowed IKEA to capitalize on the first mover advantage (Harrison & Enz, 2005). Behavioral Customer Segmentation for IKEA The behavioral consumer segmentation data provided by Bartlett and Nanda (1996) indicates the demographic profile of IKEA customers and buyer behavior.IKEA’s strategy post World War II, was to target young couples and new families in the low to middle income range by providing inexpensive furniture with durable construction and contemporary lines. The demographic profile presented by Bartlett and Nanda (1996) suggests that the archetypal IKEA buyer is young; middle-class; married; either has no childre n or one child; and lives in a rental. This new target market’s primary determinants to purchase were based predominantly on price (44%); followed by large assortment (16%); and design (14%). Quality; design; and price were the three most important criteria for store choice.Similarly, price; distance; and design were the significant factors leading to consumer attitude toward IKEA. This target market based their decision purchases on information gathered from the IKEA catalog; visits to other stores; and prior visits to IKEA. Contrary to the traditional IKEA consumers’ determinants to purchase and buyer behavior, sustainability is now playing a larger role in consumer spending habits (Datamonitor, 2010). In a recent Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) analysis IKEA was ranked ninth overall for customer satisfaction, which is largely due to IKEA’s commitment to sustainable initiatives.Of IKEA’s products, 71% are recyclable, made from recycled products, or bo th. IKEA also recycles 84% of the waste the stores generate (Datamonitor, 2010). Comparison of Traditional and U. S. Customers Before entering the U. S. market in 1985, IKEA did not conduct thorough market research on U. S. consumers or U. S. buyer behavior. IKEA assumed that U. S. customers would embrace its way of doing business and the products offered. That was not the case, as IKEA’s furniture; metric measurements; and kitchenwares did not meet U. S. customer’s expectations.The furniture was uncomfortable, as it was designed for the European preference of being hard and rigid. The unit of measure was in centimeters, whereas the U. S. has never adopted the metric system. The U. S. serving sizes are generally larger than the European portions, making the kitchenwares too small for U. S. servings. Likewise, the cabinetry was too small for U. S. appliances. The traditional IKEA customer subscribed to the value proposition that furniture was a soft good versus a hard g ood. This value proposition was in contradiction with the mindset of the U. S. onsumer, making it necessary for IKEA to rethink its marketing strategy. IKEA launched an advertising campaign targeting U. S. customers at the same time it entered the U. S. market. Its tagline for U. S. consumers was, â€Å"†¦to take a more commitment-free approach to furniture† (Moon, 1996, p. 8). IKEA’s intention was to convey to the U. S. population that it was not necessary to hang on to furniture for decades. The simplicity and low price point IKEA offers affords consumers the opportunity to replace furniture and opt for a new look at a significantly lower price point than at conventional furniture, appliance, or kitchenware stores.IKEA was essentially making fun of U. S. consumers and the desire to keep furniture for decades. Traditional consumers understood that the value proposition offered by IKEA meant no in-store sales assistance; limited variety; unassembled furniture; and no delivery. This did not meet any of the expectations of the U. S. consumer. Hence, the revenues at IKEA in the U. S. were flat, taking almost ten years before increasing. IKEA has since focused on organic slow growth and low risk in the U. S. as it was a new market (Module 2, Lecture 1, n. d. ). This allowed IKEA time to do more market research on U. S. ustomers and expand manufacturing facilities. IKEA has done a great job in leading customers to pull its products into U. S. homes (Module 2, Lecture 2, n. d. ). IKEA has learned to meet U. S. customer needs by studying consumer preferences and behaviors based on interactions (Module 2, Lecture 1, n. d. ). This information provided demographic and consumer behavior data by store location and region of the United States, allowing IKEA to meet or exceed the loyal customer expectations. Given that, IKEA has built a U. S. cult following and state of mind that is centered on low prices, zany promotions, and contemporary designs (Capell , 2005).U. S. Strategic Growth Opportunities for IKEA IKEA was making a huge push into four major geographic markets in the late 1980’s. They were Eastern Europe, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Any one of these large geographic locations would need exponential resources and one would have to wonder if IKEA was opening itself up to incredible risk. This hard line expansion poses a major strategic challenge. The major strategic concern was the changing target market segment. IKEA rode the post war baby boom wave to become successful.The target market segment of low-income married couples had shrunk and the original IKEA customers, the baby boomers, have become older and more comfortable. IKEA is continuously striving to differentiate its price, products, and services to keep them in line with a first mover competitive advantage and ahead of the market trends to the point that they may be setting the standards for furniture and related product expectations (Ha rrison & Enz, 2005). However, the United States’ target market segment proved to be more difficult; as the U. S. consumers were used to having furniture delivered, and preassembled.Additionally, the U. S. consumers and IKEA’s other target markets all preferred traditional rather than modern furniture, with the exception of consumers in Denmark and Holland who buy modern design furniture. At IKEA, the furniture product mix is comprised of 70% modern with the remainder being traditional (Lee, 2005). For IKEA to be successful in the U. S. market it would need to tweak its product lines and strategic plans in an effort to achieve growth. In order for IKEA to achieve strategic growth in the U. S. it will need to get the buy-in of senior management to change its product line-up.The lack of senior management buy-in has been proven in many studies to be a leading factor in not attaining growth (McGrath & MacMillan, 2009). IKEA will need to hire a consultant to perform a SWOT a nalysis to determine the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the external opportunities and threats. In addition, utilizing a TOWS matrix derived from the SWOT analysis would prove beneficial (David, 2009). The TOWS Matrix is designed to assist managers with matching the attributes of IKEA with the various opportunities and threats that exist in the environment.It also allows for the development of corporate strategies than can be implemented, thus maximizing marketplace positioning. The four types of strategies that can be formed based on the TOWS Matrix are: SO, which use the firms internal strengths to maximize opportunities; WO, which looks at improving weaknesses by taking advantage of external opportunities; ST, utilizes the company’s strengths to avoid threats; and WT, which are strategies designed to assist in the development of defense tactics to help reduce internal weaknesses and avoid external threats (David, 2009).The crucial information obtained from th e SWOT and TOWS Matrix will prove to be invaluable to IKEA if it wishes to grow in the United States as well as globally. The snap shot of information will help tell IKEA what it must become to U. S. and global consumers in order to grow strategically. Failure to capture and understand this information could keep IKEA from growing in a large geographic market.